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New Class-Action Lawsuits Target Group Health Plan Tobacco Surcharges

by Inoventive Solutions
November 19, 2024

A new wave of class-action lawsuits is targeting employers that apply health insurance premium surcharges to employees who use tobacco, accusing them of discrimination and violating the Employee Retirement Income Security Act (ERISA), according to two new blogs by prominent law firms.

The lawsuits, according to a blog by Chicago-based Thompson Coburn LLP, assert that the surcharges are violations of fiduciary duty rules under ERISA, as well as discrimination regulations under the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA).

The law firm says these cases are being filed across the country on an almost daily basis and to date no courts have ruled to have the cases dismissed.

The fast-developing lawsuit trend is notable, considering that tobacco surcharges are widely used, and if any of the new lawsuits are successful, they could set a precedent that could expose thousands of employers to legal action. Most of the lawsuits are against self-insured plans, but even employers who purchase health insurance and also impose surcharges for tobacco use could be targeted as they are considered “fiduciaries” under ERISA.

The lawsuits hinge, in part, on a HIPAA prohibition on group health plans and wellness plans discriminating on the basis of health status. For example, health plans are barred by the law from charging higher premiums to group health plan participants with pre-existing conditions.

However, HIPAA has one exception to the rule: It allows plans to charge different premiums for employees who enroll in and adhere to “programs of health promotion and disease prevention.”

You can find HIPAA’s non-discrimination rules for wellness plans here.

The lawsuits target a common practice: requiring employees who use tobacco to pay higher health plan premiums than their colleagues who certify that they don’t use tobacco products (cigarettes, e-cigarettes, chewing tobacco and similar products).

Common themes

The lawsuits have two common themes. They allege that the plan:

  • Did not provide an alternative standard for tobacco users to obtain a discount because the premium reductions for participating in the wellness plans are only available on a prospective basis, in violation of ERISA Section 702, and
  • Failed to provide information on the existence of such alternatives in “all plan materials.”

The lawsuits typically seek several of the following remedies:

  • Declaratory and injunctive relief.
  • An order instructing the employers to reimburse all persons who paid the surcharges, with interest.
  • Disgorgement of any benefits of profits the businesses received as a result of the surcharges.
  • Restitution of all surcharge amounts charged.

It should be noted that as of the end of October 2024, no court has ruled on a motion to dismiss a case, according to the blog. At least one case has settled as a class action and the employer and plaintiffs in another class-action case had informed the court that they were working on a settlement agreement and would both ask the court to dismiss the case.

In addition to these private actions, the Department of Labor has sued several employers targeting premium surcharges, including in 2023 when it brought action against a firm whose health plan was charging tobacco users a $20 per month surcharge, according to a blog by Washington, D.C.-based Groom Law Group.

The takeaway

Thompson Coburn said in its blog that these types of cases are snowballing: “Given the number of complaints being filed weekly — at times daily — it is highly possible that any group health plan that applies tobacco surcharges as discussed faces the possibility of a class action lawsuit.”

The law firm recommends that businesses consider reviewing their health plans to ensure that they comply with HIPAA’s non-discrimination rules for wellness plans, which allow tobacco surcharges when applied properly, such as charging different premiums for workers who enroll in and adhere to a program that’s focused on promoting health and preventing disease.

This is a newly evolving threat to employers. We’ll provide future updates after courts rule on the merits of the cases, which will provide more guidance on when tobacco surcharges can be applied.

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Open Enrollment Prep: Identify Workers’ Needs, Consider Costs to Plan Benefits

by Inoventive Solutions
November 12, 2024

It’s almost time for year-end small group open enrollment and you need to drive engagement so that your employees can make informed decisions about their health insurance options.

We want to help you help your employees understand all of their options so that they can purchase a plan that is appropriate for their situation. So here is our advice for the open enrollment:

Listen to your workforce

Before you make any decisions, you should listen to your employees and better understand their needs and preferences.

With answers and feedback in hand you can create a benefits package which is more appealing to them, which in turn gives you a competitive edge when attracting and retaining workers.

Engage employees and solicit feedback through quarterly employee-benefits round table meetings. Invite employees from different age groups and different departments to participate in these meetings to ensure you have a good cross-section of your staff represented.

Give advance notice

You can start this month with simple reminders for them to start thinking about open enrollment and evaluate their current health plans. Send out memos and place posters in high traffic areas.

If you start with this in September or October, they can have time to assess their options, particularly if anything has changed in their lives like marital status, new children or health issues.

Costs are paramount

You can work with us to settle on plan arrangements that will be within your and your employees’ budgets (in their case, the plans also have to be deemed affordable under the Affordable Care Act).

Employees have a right to understand the costs, so let them know how to access the free transparency tools provided online by most medical carriers. Provide employees with a breakdown of medical and pharmaceutical cost increases to avoid sticker shock.

Get an early start

If your plan year starts Jan. 1, you should hold open enrollment meetings and dispense plan materials in October or November.

Avoid holding meetings in December. It’s too busy and the ramping up period is too short.

Communicate effectively

Your task is to get employees out of cruise control and truly assess all of their options.

This is especially true if you are making changes to cost-sharing, introducing new plans, introducing a wellness plan or health savings accounts or flexible spending accounts.

You should use a variety of different media to communicate with your workforce.

Use video, virtual and live meetings, e-mail communications and print materials to get through to your employees. While the attentive ones may think it’s overkill, using different forms of communication ensures that you reach the widest number of staff.

Get spouses involved

If you also offer insurance to spouses, you should communicate through your employees that they are also invited to join your open enrollment meetings.

You can also invite them to view any electronic material you may post online, like the aforementioned videos.

If they cannot make a general meeting, you can invite them to come in to meet with your human resources manager if they have questions.

Remind them of the Law

You can use open enrollment as a way to remind your staff of their responsibilities to secure coverage under the Affordable Care Act.

Let them know that employees who refuse affordable coverage from their employer and opt to purchase it on a public exchange will usually not be eligible for government premium subsidies.

Ask us about the most frequently asked questions about the ACA and we can help you prepare a list of online resources that they can access to get answers to those questions you may not be able to answer.

The meeting

Send out meeting notices early to give your employees time to prepare and set aside time.

Try to make the meeting engaging.

You may want to consider video recording the session and also providing remote access to employees who don’t work onsite.

Provide enough time for the main presentation as well as questions from your employees.

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Study: More Than Half of Workers Regret Open Enrollment Decisions

by Inoventive Solutions
November 5, 2024

More than half of employees regret the coverage decisions they make during open enrollment, according to a new study.

Part of the problem may be that the average employee spends only 30 to 60 minutes selecting their benefits during open enrollment, which typically lasts about two weeks in most workplaces, according to the study by financial service firm Equitable. For perspective, the average American spends 120 minutes a day on social media.

The findings in the study underscore the importance for continuing education and outreach on their benefits and providing your workers the opportunity to ask questions in a private setting.

The top reasons employees cited for regretting their decisions include:

  • 25% said they failed to adjust their benefits to match their lifestyle changes.
  • 20% forgot to make changes to their benefit selections by the deadline.
  • 19% did not understand the options available or the benefits they selected.

It should be noted too that sometimes the regret comes after the plan year starts and an employee in a high-deductible plan, low- or no-premium plan has a health issue that crops up or an accident, and has to pay thousands out of pocket. At that point they may rue their choice, even though they would have paid more in premiums.

One of the more disturbing findings from the study is that nearly 25% of workers said they go to social media to educate themselves about employee benefits. The numbers were highest among Gen Z workers (43%) and millennials (37%).

On the other side of the spectrum, 67% of baby boomer employees and 60% of Gen X workers were more likely than younger generations to rely on information provided to them by their employer and benefits broker when making health plan and other coverage decisions during open enrollment.

How you can help

Employers can help their employees make smart health plan decisions by:

Not inundating them with lengthy educational materials. Often clear and concise materials are best, especially ones that use bullet points and infographics. Benefits experts recommend providing employees bite-sized information that can help them whittle down their choice.

The materials should give different scenarios for workers to help them decide on a plan, such as:

  • A 27-year-old single female employee with no health problems, spouse or dependents.
  • A 46-year-old married father of three young kids.
  • A 58-year-old divorced woman with high blood pressure and asthma.

Keeping the open enrollment period short. Many brokers will tell you that the longer the open enrollment period, the more likely it is that employees will procrastinate on choosing their plan(s) and rush at the last minute. For best results consider a two-week period, and a run-up that includes education and outreach.

Helping them prioritize the basics. There are a few areas that they should review to make sure they choose wisely.
Some areas they can focus on include:

Retaining their doctor — Even if you are offering the same plan as last year, it’s a good idea to tell your employees to check the plan to see if their physician or their kids’ pediatricians are on the list of providers. Health plans make changes every year, so it’s important to check.

Getting the financial balance right — Many people end up spending more up-front on higher premiums in exchange for lower out-of-pocket maximums and/or deductibles, when they shouldn’t.

A young, healthy person that rarely visits the doctor may be better off with a plan that has lower premiums and a higher deductible, which they will not likely reach.

Worst-case-scenario calculation — Your employees should understand the implications if they suffer a medical crisis. For a full perspective, they can:

  • Calculate the total premium they will pay for the entire year (their monthly premium contribution x 12), and add
  • The out-of-pocket maximum for the plan.
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Are Your Benefits Enough to See Employees Through a Crisis?

by Inoventive Solutions
October 29, 2024

Middle class families — those with incomes of between roughly $50,000 and $100,000 per year — are becoming increasingly reliant on workplace benefits to ensure their financial well-being in case of a disability or critical illness.

Simple health insurance is insufficient to carry the load. The loss of a breadwinner’s or caregiver’s financial contribution through death or disability is often devastating.

A recent survey by benefits provider Guardian indicates that families in this category are struggling when it comes to achieving their financial goals. Of those workers surveyed only half believe they would be able to manage if the household lost an income due to death or illness.

Workplace benefits are critical 

According to Guardian’s researchers, the middle-market population is overwhelmingly reliant on the quality and breadth of the benefits they receive at work — over and above cash compensation.

Over 80% of middle-market respondents report that they got their health insurance, disability insurance and retirement plan all through their employer.

Meanwhile, six in 10 have no life insurance in place outside of the workplace. This means that the solid majority of working families are relying entirely on workplace benefits to see them through the death of a family breadwinner.

And in the event of disability ending a breadwinner’s income, the situation is even more dire: Only 7% of the middle market owns any kind of disability insurance protection, outside of what they are able to access via their employer.

Are life insurance benefits adequate? 

For young families, the primary role of life insurance is to replace the income of a deceased breadwinner. But many employers cap life insurance benefits at $50,000 — the maximum figure that allows employers to deduct premiums as a workplace benefit under IRC 7702.

The actual need for many of these families is several hundred thousand to a million dollars, and occasionally more. That’s what it takes to replace the income of a worker who earns $50,000 to $100,000 per year until the children are out of college and a surviving spouse is taken care of.

A solution

One solution is to offer voluntary benefits to workers. These include a menu of benefits, such as:

  • Group life insurance
  • Group disability insurance
  • Long-term care insurance
  • Critical illness coverage

Often many of these benefits can be offered at little or no cost to the employer.

Premium costs are simply deducted from the worker’s wages and forwarded to the insurance company via payroll deduction. In this way, workers can purchase much more coverage and provide protection for their families — and it doesn’t cost the employer a dime.

In some instances, it can even save on payroll taxes. To learn more, call us. 

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Your Last-Minute Open Enrollment Checklist

by Inoventive Solutions
October 22, 2024

By now you should be prepared and ready to go for your 2025 policy year employee benefits open enrollment. You should have all your plan documents and have prepared or held presentations for your staff to explain the benefits package and any major changes to plans that you offer.

Employees should be familiar with how to use the enrollment portal and who they should talk to if they have questions.

To ensure success, there are a few things you should do to make sure you maximize enrollment, that your employees have the correct materials and that you are in compliance with the law.

Take an active role — Most of the policy selection is done online, but that doesn’t mean you can’t support your employees and let them know you are there in case they have any questions or are confused about any aspect of the benefits package.

You should want all of your employees to choose the package that best fits their individual needs. To ensure they make the best possible choices and have a successful experience, motivate them to take an active role in their education by encouraging questions and showing them where they can find answers in the online enrollment platform.

Last-minute blasts — You’ve probably sent a few e-mail reminders to you staff, but most certainly some of them still missed those communications. Make sure you send a few extra blasts at different times of the week, like Tuesday at 10 a.m. and another on Thursday at 2 p.m.

You should also have all of your employees’ mobile phone numbers, and be sending them reminder text messages is a sure-fire way to get in front of the ones who may not be as diligent about monitoring their e-mail.

Double-check your plan materials — Do a final review of your plan documents for any necessary updates regarding member eligibility, plan benefits, new vendors and name changes to ensure that the current state of your benefits offerings is complete and accurate.

Also, do a final review of your summary of benefits and coverage (SBC) and your summary plan description (SPD) to make sure they reflect any changes from the prior year. This is crucial as both documents are required under the law.

The SPD may include the elements necessary to meet the requirements of the SBC, but it also needs to be a separate document that can be handed out with respect to each coverage option made available to the participants.

To account for the annual open enrollment window, double-check your open enrollment schedule, deadlines, documents and forms, coverage options and changes, phone numbers, and website and mobile information for contacting resources, statement of current coverage, and plan-specific summaries and rates.

Identify staff that didn’t enroll last year — To make sure you maximize participation and that nobody misses out, run a list of all your staff who didn’t sign up for benefits last year so you can approach them individually and convey the importance of securing health coverage.

While you’re at it, make sure that all of your new hires in the past year have also signed up for coverage and that you didn’t miss them when sending out reminders about open enrollment.

Check compliance with ACA — If you are an “applicable large employer” under the Affordable Care Act, meaning that you have more than 50 full-time or full-time equivalent employees, you are obligated under the law to provide health coverage to your staff that is “affordable” and covers 10 essential benefits.

There is a figure for what is considered affordable, which changes every year. For your plan to be considered ACA-compliant in 2025, it must not cost an employee more than 9.02% of their household income. 

The takeaway

To ensure maximum enrollment it pays to plan ahead and also focus on educating your staff about the importance of their group health plan and why it’s so important to choose a plan that is right for them and that is within their budget in terms of premium-sharing and out-of-pocket costs.

The key regular communications and having an open-door policy so individual employees can ask questions in private.

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3 in 4 Workers Would Accept Lower-Pay for Better Benefits: Survey

by Inoventive Solutions
October 15, 2024

A new study has found three out of four U.S. workers would accept a job with a slightly lower salary if it offered better health care and medical coverage.

The main driver in workers prioritizing benefits is the rapidly rising cost of group health insurance premiums and out-of-pocket costs, according to the study by Voya Financial.

Besides looking for better health coverage, there’s growing interest among employees for voluntary benefits that can buffer health care costs, like critical illness, accident and dental and vision insurance.

As we approach open enrollment season for policies incepting at the start of the year, the study findings provide food for thought as you try to balance your benefit offerings with employee salaries.

The general theme of the poll was that health insurance and out-of-pocket costs like copays, coinsurance and deductibles are having a real effect on many workers’ finances, and in particular, their ability to save for retirement.

Consider the following:

  • 72% of workers surveyed strongly or somewhat agreed they would take a job with a slightly lower salary for better health care and medical coverage, including lower premiums and out-of-pocket costs.
  • 51% said that high health care costs were having a major or significant impact on their ability to save for retirement.
  • 51% said they would be more likely to stay with their current employer if it provided access to a health savings account (HSA).
  • 51% said they would be more likely to stay with their employer if it provided access to voluntary benefit offerings, and
  • 54% said they would be more likely to stay with their employer if it provided access to mental health benefits and resources.

The above bullet points have one theme in common: reducing the employees’ premium and out-of-pocket outlays.

The takeaway

As open enrollment approaches, consider holding information sessions to help your staff understand the true value the benefits you offer can provide.

Voya Financial found that 75% of workers surveyed strongly or somewhat agreed they were interested in receiving support to maximize their workplace benefits dollars across their:

  • Health insurance,
  • HSAs,
  • Voluntary benefits, and
  • Retirement savings.

For example, “Many individuals may not realize that voluntary benefits can help lessen the financial impact of a covered event such as an illness or accident and can potentially reduce the need to tap into a retirement account for any out-of-pocket medical or other expenses,” said Christin Kuretich, vice president of supplemental products at Voya Financial.

With that in mind, offering benefits like critical illness or accident insurance can provide a safety net in case of one of these events hits one of your staff. 

To better explain benefits to your staff, providing training, individual guidance and literature that explains how best to maximize their benefits. Importantly, employees are increasingly interested in digital tools (like apps or websites) that can provide tools and advice to help them make decisions related to health care, workplace benefits and retirement.

Finally, HSAs can also reduce an employee’s total costs and also help lower their taxable income. HSAs are accounts to which workers contribute with pre-tax funds and then reimburse themselves for out-of-pocket medical costs. Those funds are also not taxed.

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Reminder: Employers with 10 or More Staff Must File ACA Forms Online

by Inoventive Solutions
October 8, 2024

With 2025 just a few months away, it’s important that small employers understand their group health insurance reporting obligations under the Affordable Care Act as they changed at the start of 2024.

Before 2024, only employers that sent out 250 or more Forms 1094-B/1095-B and 1094-C/1095-C were required to file them online with the IRS. But since early 2024 (and affecting the 2023 tax year), employers filing 10 or more ACA reporting forms have been required to file electronically.

It’s important that you understand your filing obligations to avoid fines that can quickly add up.

Here are the deadlines for 2025

Meeting the filing deadlines for Forms 1094-C and 1095-C is critical to complying with ACA requirements. Here are the deadlines for next year:

Jan. 31, 2025 — Employers must by this date have sent Form 1095-C to all of their full-time employees, who must supply the form to the IRS when they file their taxes.

Feb. 28 — This is the deadline to file Forms 1094-C and 1095-C by paper with the IRS for the few employers who are still eligible to do this.

March 31 — This is the deadline to file Forms 1094-C and 1095-C electronically with the IRS.

Filing electronically

You can file your forms electronically on the ACA Information Returns (AIR) Program, which is run by the IRS. This page includes all of the resources and guidance you need to understand and use it.

Hardship waivers

Employers can request a waiver for filing electronically if they can prove that doing so will cause an undue hardship on them or if it goes against their religious beliefs. Employers must submit their waiver request at least 45 days prior to the due date for returns by using this form.

Penalties

Employers who offer their workers health insurance and who fail to file the ACA forms electronically despite being required to do so (and if they don’t have a waiver) can be subject to a fine of $310 per return that was not reported electronically.

There are also other penalties regarding ACA reporting forms:

  • Failure to file correct information on a form: $310 per return for which the failure occurs. The maximum penalty an employer may incur under this penalty is nearly $3.8 million per calendar year.
  • Failure to provide a correct information return or payee statement: $310 per return for which the failure occurs. The maximum penalty that may be incurred is nearly $3.8 million per calendar year.
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Get an Early Start on Open Enrollment

by Inoventive Solutions
September 17, 2024

As open enrollment is right around the corner, now is the time to make a plan to maximize employee enrollment and help your staff select the health plans that best suit them.

You’ll also need to make sure that you comply with the Affordable Care Act if it applies to your organization, as well as other laws and regulations.

Here are some pointers to make open enrollment fruitful for both your staff and your organization.

Review what you did last year

Review the results of last year’s enrollment efforts to make sure the process and the perks remain relevant and useful to workers.

Were the various approaches and communication channels you used effective, and did you receive any feedback about the process, either good or bad?

Start early with notifications

You should give your employees at least a month’s notice before open enrollment, and provide them with the materials they will need to make an informed decision.

This includes the various health plans that you are offering your staff for next year.

Encourage them to read the information and come to your human resources point person with questions.

Help in sorting through plans

You should be able to help them figure out which plan features fit their needs, and how much the plans will cost them out of their paycheck. Use technology to your advantage, particularly any registration portal that your plan provider offers. Provide a single landing page for all enrollment applications.

Also, hold meetings on the plans and put notices in your staff’s paycheck envelopes.

Plan materials

Communicate to your staff any changes to a health plan’s benefits for the next plan year through an updated summary plan description or a summary of material modifications.

Confirm that their open enrollment materials contain certain required participant notices, when applicable – such as the summary of benefits and coverage.

Check grandfathered status

A grandfathered plan is one that was in existence when the ACA was enacted on March 23, 2010, and is thus exempt from some of the law’s requirements.

If you have a grandfathered plan, talk to us to confirm whether it will maintain its grandfathered status for the next plan year. If it is, you must notify your employees of the plan status. If it’s not, you need to confirm with us that your plan comports with the ACA in terms of benefits offered.

ACA affordability standard

Under the ACA’s employer shared responsibility rules, applicable large employers must offer “affordable” plans, based on a percentage of the employee’s household income. For plan years that begin on or after Jan. 1 of next year, the affordability percentage is 9.86% of household income. At least one of your plans must meet this threshold.

Get spouses involved

Benefits enrollment is a family affair, so getting spouses involved is critical. You should encourage your employees to share the health plan information with their spouses, so they can make informed decisions on their health insurance together.

Also, encourage any spouses who have questions to schedule an appointment to get questions answered.

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Employers Use Variety of Strategies to Provide Competitive and Cost-Effective Health Care Benefits

by Inoventive Solutions
September 10, 2024

As they wrestle with providing attractive but affordable health care benefits for employees, employers are trying a variety of strategies. A recent report from insurance brokerage Gallagher shows businesses are balancing workers’ physical and emotional health against ever-rising costs.

There are many cost drivers in health care and insurers and employers are in a fine balancing act of trying to keep a lid on costs and also keeping their employees happy. And while firms are leaving no stone unturned in their quest for reducing costs, some are also adding new services employees are keen on.

Here’s what the report found:

Offering more plans

To combat rising costs, many employers (80%) offer more than one health plan. A growing share of employers offer high-deductible health plans (HDHPs) and health savings accounts (HSAs) to employees. The percentage of companies offering such plans has increased five consecutive years and is now at 56%. At the same time, 24% of employers report more employees choosing HDHPs than the other offered plans.

Employers and employees contribute to the HSAs. When employers contribute, they provide about $500 or more for single coverage and $2,000 or more for family coverage.

Weight-loss drugs

Weight-loss drugs such as Ozempic and Wegovy are growing in popularity. However, these drugs (known as GLP-1s) are expensive, and employers are trying to manage the effects of those costs.

Slightly more than half of employers surveyed include weight management in their benefits programs, but they attach strings to the use of weight-loss medications. This may include:

  • Step therapy, which entails trying other, less expensive yet proven pharmaceuticals and health and fitness regimens first.
  • Prior authorization before approving their use.
  • Eligibility requirements. Around one-fifth of employers set eligibility requirements that include a combination of minimum body mass index and comorbid conditions. They do not pay for the drugs for otherwise healthy employees looking to drop a few pounds.

Plan eligibility and scope

Despite rising costs, some employers are expanding eligibility for and the scope of their health care plans.

The Gallagher report shows a small increase in the share of employers offering coverage to employees’ domestic partners and to part-time employees, though these remain the minority.

Some are also offering more specialty coverages. For example, more than half cover hearing aids and behavior analysis for employees’ children with autism. A small but growing fraction (17%) cover gene therapy.

Almost half of employers cover some form of treatment for infertility, including drugs, specialist evaluations, in vitro fertilization and other fertilization procedures. However, controversies surrounding some of these procedures have led to a patchwork of state mandates and restrictions. This has made providing these benefits more complex for companies.

Mental health and leave

More employers are paying attention to their employees’ mental and emotional states in addition to physical wellness. Most are concerned about staff suffering from burnout and stress.

However, they also believe their managers are not able to recognize the signs. More than a fifth now offer training to managers and human resources staff on identifying warning signs and referring employees for help, and that share has grown in the past two years.

Finally, more firms are offering family-focused leave policies. This recognizes the growing emphasis employees place on work-life balance amid tight labor markets.

Almost 90% offer paid bereavement leave (outside vacation leave,) while almost half provide paid time off to bond with a new child, and 15% provide it for taking care of ill or disabled family members.

The takeaway

Employers are faced with two difficult realities. The workforce is aging, meaning that retirements will shrink the pool of available skilled workers. At the same time, health care costs are ever-increasing.

To meet both these challenges, employers are using the strategies detailed above, as well as other approaches. Some combination of them will help you compete in the war for talent while protecting your bottom line.

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Study Predicts 8% Group Health Plan Cost Increase for 2025

by Inoventive Solutions
August 6, 2024

A new study predicts that group health insurance costs will jump 8% in 2025, on par with what American employers have experienced this year and in 2023.

The higher rates reflect the costs borne by health insurers, which are seeing more claims for care that was postponed during the COVID-19 pandemic and a steady rise in the cost of pharmaceuticals as more innovative and effective drugs come to market, according to the study by PricewaterhouseCoopers.

Additionally, health plans have seen a surge in demand and utilization for behavioral health services, which has been hampered by a limited supply of in-network mental health professionals, who are also demanding higher reimbursement rates.

And while drug costs are rising, some of the medications may actually reduce future health care costs for those taking them. There are also new biosimilar drugs coming to market that cost a fraction of the originals.

Cost drivers

Thanks to a continuing stream of pharmaceutical breakthroughs that are saving patients’ lives and/or improving their quality of life, insurers have to make coverage decisions. Many of the new drugs are costly, but they may also reduce overall health care costs in the long run as they may reduce the need for expensive intervention and emergency treatments.

Two classes of drugs that are on health insurers’ radar in 2024 and 2025 are:

  • GLP-1 agonists (annual cost: about $11,000).Various of this category of drugs treat type 2 diabetes, and can assist with chronic weight management and may reduce secondary cardiovascular events.
    Most health plans offer coverage of GLP-1 agonists for type 2 diabetes. However, health plans won’t cover them solely for weight management, which is not considered an essential health benefit under the Affordable Care Act.
  • Central nervous system drugs (annual cost: about $22,000). This includes various drugs treating conditions such as Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, multiple sclerosis and schizophrenia.
    While these medications may make it difficult for health plans to manage their costs, the report notes that despite the initial cost, health plans may see reduced medical costs as patient health improves.

Mental health services are also driving costs, and they were listed among the top three inflators of drug costs by health plans surveyed for the PwC report.

While the per member per month outlays for mental health services have historically been too low to be considered a cost driver of overall medical costs, spending on mental health has jumped 50% since the pandemic. As a result, behavioral health services are accounting for a greater portion of health plan spending.

The main factors affecting costs are a significant supply and demand imbalance for behavioral health services. Health plans are competing with each other to sign on mental health providers from a pool that is not enough to satisfy demand.

Counterbalancing costs

There are three trends that could counterbalance some cost increases.

Biosimilars. — Biosimilars are biological products that are “highly similar” to and have “no clinically meaningful differences” from an existing Food and Drug Administration-approved reference product. One of the most recent drugs that has seen a flood of competing biosimilars hit the market is Humira (adalimumab), a medication that reduces the signs and symptoms of moderate to severe rheumatoid arthritis.

One report estimates that the savings generated by biosimilars in 2022 was $9.4 billion in the United States. Another analysis performed in early 2023 projects total savings from biosimilars to range from $125 billion to $237 billion between 2023 and 2027.

Health plans are increasingly focused on reducing wasteful spending, which is forcing them to look at:

Exploring new pharmacy benefit manager models. — This is in light of continuing reports of the country’s largest PBMs actually increasing the cost of medications for payers (health plans, self-insured employers and insureds).

Integrating medical and pharmacy benefits. — An example of this is a health plan pharmacy team identifying when members haven’t picked up prescriptions, aren’t taking medications as prescribed or not refilling prescriptions on time.

Connected benefits allow for real-time medical, behavioral health and pharmacy data analysis to help maximize management of chronic conditions, close care gaps and monitor prescription use and potential interaction.

A study of its own clients by health insurer Health Care Service Corporation found that large employer groups with integrated pharmacy and medical benefits saved an average of $516 per member per year in medical costs over a three-year period.

The takeaway

As health insurance costs continue to rise, we can work with you to find health plans that will fit your and your employees’ budgets and help you look for actions to take that could have a positive effect on your rates.

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